Pippi Longstocking — Swedish rebel and feminist role model
Published: 04 Mar 2005
Updated November 7, 2008 All over the world, Pippi Longstocking (Långstrump) has encouraged generations of girls to have fun and to believe in themselves. In the process, she has done wonders for equality between the sexes.
Olle Hellbom's films of Pippi Longstocking from the 1970s made her even more of a household name. Photo: Jacob Forsell/www.imagebank.sweden.se
Pippi Longstocking is in truth an unusual young girl. She is financially independent since she owns a sackful of gold pieces. She can shoot a revolver and sail on the seven seas. She is both cheeky and kind, she can carry a horse and she can outlift the strongest man in the world, Mighty Adolph.
Liberator of children
Pippi Longstocking is a girl rebel, and since 1945 she has helped liberate children all over the globe. In her storybook world, she has saved them from adult laws and from the dreaded "pluttification" tables at school. She has also provided them with unlimited amounts of fizzy drink and stood up for the weak and oppressed. So it is not strange that the anti-authoritarian Pippi is censored in dictatorships and conservative states, and that she has aroused the fury of many adults.
Only 10 years ago, a Swedish social commentator argued that the "Pippi cult" had had a highly detrimental effect on both school children and pre-school children in Sweden. "Pippi-worship has turned everything upside down, in schools, in family life and in terms of normal behavior," the commentator wrote in a leading Swedish daily.
Making fun of established gender roles
Perhaps the critics and censors, being adults, took Pippi a little too seriously. Children know that Pippi is doing wrong when she drinks lemonade out of a jug at a garden party. Nevertheless, like other popular storybook characters, she has influenced the way they think and behave.
Pippi is fun because she breaks with conventional ideas about how girls should behave — and also, perhaps, makes fun of adults' gender roles in the process. Like when she goes to the market in her giant, mill wheel-like hat, dressed in a full-length evening gown and with huge green rosettes on her shoes. She has also applied charcoal to her eyebrows and coated her mouth and nails with red paint.
"I think you should look like a really fine lady when you go to the market," says Pippi. She herself is not as concerned about her appearance as many other girls and women. Pippi is definitely not an object, and evidently not prepared to succumb to the cosmetics industry, either.
There is a sign in a shop window in the small town where she lives that reads, "DO YOU SUFFER FROM FRECKLES?" Pippi doesn't. She is not interested in the anti-freckle cream on offer but nevertheless goes into the shop to make her position clear.
"No, I don't suffer from freckles," she declares. "But my dear child," says the startled assistant, "your whole face is covered in them." "I know," says Pippi, "but I don't suffer from them. I like them. Good morning!"
Astrid Lindgren's books have been translated into over 70 languages, which makes her Sweden's most widely sold author. Photo: Tina Buckman/www.imagebank.sweden.se
New demands on girls
It is hardly strange that Pippi eventually became something of a role model in the women's movement. One result has been that in recent decades some adults have wanted to make girls as strong, brave, uninhibited, amusing, rebellious and defiant of authority as Pippi — at least those striving to bring up children in a spirit of gender equality.
The fact that such character traits are increasingly tolerated has meant that many girls today have greater room for maneuver. They have begun to catch up with the boys, who have long been allowed to mess around and behave more rowdily.
Paradoxically, though, a liberating influence such as Pippi may also place tacit demands on girls — ones that may be difficult to live up to, at least for some. Take Annika, Pippi's friend, for instance, who is always well-behaved and well-dressed, the very image of a model girl of the post-war period.
Nowadays, she is often used as a cautionary example — simply because she is neither brash, adventurous nor particularly active. "Dreary Annika," as the saying goes in Sweden. But surely not everyone can be as courageous, tough and entertaining as Pippi?
The first book about Pippi Longstocking was based on bedtime stories Astrid Lindgren made up for her daughter. Photo: Ulla Montan/www.imagebank.sweden.se
A fun read — not a feminist agenda
Astrid Lindgren was not exactly proceeding from an explicit feminist agenda when she wrote her wonderful stories about this remarkable girl and her two close friends. That, however, has not prevented Pippi from becoming a source of inspiration in the struggle for gender equality. She is still the hero of the day.
Throughout the world, girls have been encouraged to have fun, to be a bit more daring and to have faith in their own ability. Pippi Longstocking has performed wonders.
Tell us about your relationship to Pippi Longstocking — post a comment below!
This feature has been published by the Swedish Institute.
