Note that Sweden's citizenship rules are expected to change in the coming years.
Citizenship for Nordic citizens
There are special rules for Nordic citizens when it comes to applying for Swedish citizenship: citizens of Denmark, Finland, Iceland or Norway who have lived in Sweden for at least five years can often become Swedish citizens through notification, which is a simpler and cheaper process than the standard method outlined above.
For Nordic citizens, you apply by filling in this form (Anmälan om svenskt medborgarskap för medborgare i Danmark, Finland, Island eller Norge), and sending in your application to Migration Agency's citizenship department in Norrköping (the address is on the form).
You'll need to attach a receipt showing you have paid the fee (475 kronor) to the Migration Agency, as they won’t be able to process your application until this is received. Details of where to send it are available on this website, under "If you submit your application or notification on paper". Make sure to include your name and Swedish personal number.
The alternative is to submit a standard application for citizenship to the Migration Agency at the standard cost of 1,500 kronor, which Nordic citizens can do after living in Sweden for two years.
Citizenship for EU citizens
The rules for becoming a naturalised Swede are not as complicated as they may seem, though there are a few important points to understand. For EU citizens, there are two scenarios to be aware of.
The first is that as an EU citizen living in Sweden for five continuous years with right of residence, you are eligible to apply for citizenship. The second is that as an EU citizen who has lived together with a Swedish citizen for at least two years, and who has lived in Sweden for a total of three years, you are also eligible to apply.
If you meet the requirements, then a citizenship application can be filled out online here, and a fee of 1,500 kronor paid for processing.
Meeting the various requirements listed above isn't a guarantee you'll be granted citizenship however. You must also have "conducted yourself well in Sweden", and the Migration Agency will request information on whether you have debts or have committed crimes in the country.
An application can be rejected if a person has unpaid taxes, fines, or other charges. Debts to private companies passed on to the Swedish Enforcement Authority could also impact the application, even if they are paid, as two years must pass after payment to prove you're debt-free. If you've committed a crime, there's also a qualifying period before citizenship can be granted which depends on the sentence.
Citizenship for non-EU citizens
For non-EU citizens, the process for getting citizenship is very similar as for EU citizens, except there is an additional requirement for a permanent residence permit as well as having lived in Sweden for a continuous period of five years.
Non-EU citizens married to or living in a registered partnership with a Swedish citizen can apply after three years, provided they have been living together with the Swedish partner in Sweden for two years. If the Swedish partner was previously the citizen of another country, they must have held Swedish citizenship for at least two years – in this case, you must also have "adapted well to Swedish society", and the Migration Agency will consider other factors like length of marriage or relationship, knowledge of the Swedish language and ability to support yourself.
In practice, this usually means that you have to have been living in Sweden for at least four years to apply for citizenship despite being eligible after living with your Swedish partner for three years, as a permanent residence permit can only be granted at the same time as a temporary residence permit is renewed, and temporary residence permits generally last for two years at a time.
If you are stateless, you can apply to become a Swedish citizen after residing in Sweden for at least four years. The same time period applies for people who were granted a residence permit as a refugee in accordance with Chapter 4, section 1 of the Aliens Act.
Exceptions for the period of residence requirement to obtain citizenship can be made for "people married to a Swedish citizen abroad for at least ten years who do not live in their country of origin," the Migration Agency notes, provided the person has "strong ties with Sweden" through for example regular visits to the country, or a "strong need" to become a Swedish citizen.
Meeting the various requirements listed above isn't a guarantee you'll be granted citizenship however. You must also have "conducted yourself well in Sweden", and the Migration Agency will request information on whether you have debts or have committed crimes in the country.
Non-EU citizens are also subject to the same rules on unpaid bills as their EU counterparts, meaning an application can be rejected if a person has unpaid taxes, fines, or other charges. Debts to private companies passed on to the Swedish Enforcement Authority could also impact the application, even if they are paid, as two years must pass after payment to prove you're debt-free. If you've committed a crime, there's also a qualifying period before citizenship can be granted which depends on the sentence. More details can be found here.
Citizenship for children
If you have children, you can also include them in your citizenship application provided they are unmarried, under the age of 18, and reside in Sweden, and you have sole custody of them or the parent who has joint custody has given their consent.
Children who have turned 12 must also provide their own written consent in order for parents to apply for them to become a Swedish citizen.
What happens next?
If you're granted Swedish citizenship, you have what the Migration Agency calls the "absolute right" to live and work in the country, which means you will always be able to return to live in Sweden however much time you spend away from the country, unlike with permanent residence. In addition, you can vote in parliamentary elections, stand for election to parliament, join the Swedish Police and Swedish Armed Forces, and also obtain EU rights if you weren't previously an EU citizen.
As a final point: keep in mind that some countries do not permit dual citizenship, so check the rules for your home nation before applying.
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