Uppsala University Hospital said the incorrect diagnoses, in women aged 38 to 85, were discovered in a review after the hospital noted an "unexplained" increase in cases.
"The women were told after testing that they had precancerous cells that are a precursor to uterine cancer, and were therefore recommended surgery," the hospital said in a statement.
Those diagnoses were later found "to be incorrect. No surgery would have been necessary," it added.
"We deeply regret what has happened. Removing the uterus is a major operation, with major and irreversible consequences. It shouldn't happen, and yet it did," Johan Lugnegard, chief physician at the hospital, said in the statement.
Lugnegard told a press conference that most of the women were in their 50s and 60s, local media reported.
The hospital said the affected women will be offered a chance to apply for compensation.
The hospital said the women had been diagnosed with Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), a precursor to uterine cancer. It said a review had found that there had been "a systematic overdiagnosis".
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